Biomarker Discovery for Predicting Dengue Deterioration: A Breakthrough Study

Phylogenetically, dengue viruses belong to the flaviviruses and are divided into four genetically related viruses, known as serotypes 1-4 (DENV-1 to DENV-4). Infection with any of these can result in dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, or even dengue shock syndrome. The disease is divided into three distinct phases: the acute phase, the critical phase, and the convalescent phase. Severe dengue may involve shock, severe bleeding, or severe organ impairment. This stage often starts once the fever receded and it is preceded by warning signs such as intense abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding gums, fluid accumulation, lethargy or restlessness, and liver enlargement. In 2009, the WHO introduced a dengue classification system that distinguishes between dengue with or without warning signs and severe dengue, with the aim of improving clinical management of patients. The warning signs are intended to identify patients with more severe or even life-threatening illness as early as possible so that they can receive supportive care. 

Currently, a full blood count is part of the recommended laboratory testing. It serves, for example, as an indicator of plasma leakage in the critical phase, resulting in a rapid decrease in platelet count and a rise in hematocrit level. Simple and inexpensive strategies to identify patients affected by dengue deterioration are urgently needed. 
There is currently no specific treatment for dengue. The severity of complications is increasing which, together with frequent epidemics and pandemics, places a significant burden on healthcare systems. Along with the potential long-term health impairments dengue patients face, this has a negative impact on the economy and society. Factors such as urbanization, water scarcity and environmental change make dengue a disease of the future. 

In a collaboration with Roche, we have successfully identified predictive protein biomarkers for dengue deterioration, bringing early intervention and cost-effective treatment of this increasingly deadly disease one step closer.
In this prospective study, blood samples were collected from 20 hospitalized dengue patients and 20 non-hospitalized patients with confirmed dengue infection in Iquitos, Peru, along with clinical data and laboratory test results. Blood samples were collected for both patient groups on the day of their first presentation.
The serum samples were analyzed using our scioDiscover protein profiling microarray platform, targeting 1,438 different proteins with 1,924 antibodies, to identify predictive biomarkers of dengue deterioration. Each antibody was represented on the microarray in four replicates. A total of 86 differentially abundant proteins were identified between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. This biomarker screening revealed potential key biomarkers for predicting dengue deterioration. These included CRP, ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1, CD54), fetuins (FETUA, FETUB), ferritin (FRIH), and thrombin, among others. The AUC values of the identified biomarker candidates ranged from 0.73 to 0.93, allowing a good prediction of the disease severity. The scioDiscover results for ferritin and ICAM-1 were validated in the same sample set using Roche’s Elecsys® immunoassays. While a good discrimination ability was confirmed for ferritin (AUC = 0.831), ICAM-1 levels showed a superior predictive value (AUC = 1.0). The results of this study were presented at the 6th Asia Dengue Summit in 2023.

Selected_ROC_curves_classification_hospitalized_nonhospitalized_dengue_patients_scioDiscover.jpg

Selected receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for classification of hospitalized and non-hospitalized dengue patients derived from the scioDiscover screen.

 

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Selected protein levels for hospitalized, non-hospitalized and healthy donor groups derived from the antibody microarray screen.

In conclusion, this study has identified a set of predictive protein biomarkers for dengue deterioration and hospitalization by combining the Sciomics’ scioDiscover assay technology for biomarker screening with the Roche’s Elecsys® immunoassay for validation. These biomarkers are known to be involved in biological processes related to viral infection, such as inflammation (CRP, fetuins, ferritin), immune response (fetuins, A2MG, thrombin, ICAM-1) and blood coagulation (thrombin, platelet count), making their utility in predicting dengue severity functionally plausible. In the future, these biomarker candidates will be independently evaluated within a prospective, multicenter study initiated by Roche. This will allow for a head-to-head comparison of various markers and panels, parameters, multivariate analyses, and the development of a multi-parameter algorithm.

The identification of robust, minimally invasive, and readily available biomarkers for predicting dengue deterioration has the potential to address unmet medical needs, improve clinical dengue management through better patient stratification, and reduce the socio-economic impact of this disease. 

 

Swiatek-de Lange, M., Schroeder, C., Klein, M., Huang, J. and Strobl, M. (2023) Identification of biomarkers for prediction of dengue deterioration, presented at 6th Asia Dengue Summit (ADS 2023), 15-16 June 2023, Bangkok, Thailand

 

Published: 12 March 2024

 

Testimonials scioDiscover protein profiling

Tara Sigdel, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco

"We collaborated with Sciomics GmbH in Germany to analyze proteomics data from blood samples of kidney transplant recipients and liver perfusates during normothermic machine perfusion. Throughout the process, Sciomics provided exceptional support, ensuring timely data delivery and valuable assistance with data analysis. Their expertise and commitment have been instrumental in advancing our research, and we are currently using their data in multiple manuscript submissions. I highly recommend Sciomics for their reliable service and expertise in proteomics."

Product: scioDiscover

Dr. Matthew Wright

Chief Scientific Officer, Kinarus Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland

"We are a small biotech company without our own wet labs. Sciomics recommended a UK CRO that performed cell culture experiments for our studies. Sciomics seamlessly coordinated the transfer of the biologic materials to their facility and performed the scioCD panel to characterize cell surface markers and cytokines in cell lines treated with our small molecule drug candidates. The Sciomics data were instrumental in supporting our IP protection strategy. Their advice was very helpful and they worked with us to extract the most out of the data. We are very satisfied and highly recommend the Sciomics platform and the team."

Product: scioCD

Kyriaki Barmpa

PhD Candidate, Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg

"By collaborating with Sciomics, we conducted a detailed analysis of the proteome of striatum organoids, uncovering significant differences that further assisted our research. Their communication was highly efficient, and the results were delivered promptly."

Product: scioPhospho

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scioCyto is a high-content analysis service for a multiplex cytokine and chemokine profiling on protein level. A great variety of samples such as plasma, tissue, cells or cell culture supernatants can be screened in a high sensitivity and reproducibility